Dysphagia—the umbrella name for swallowing disorders—occurs in later-stage Alzheimer's when "the deterioration of tongue, throat, and voice-box muscles and sensation interferes with swallowing coordination," says Robert W. Bastian, MD, founder of the Bastian Voice Institute for Voice, Swallowing, and Airway Disorders in Chicago.

There are, according to Dr. Bastian, noticeable warning signs: "Frequent coughing during and after drinking or eating, or a ‘gargly' voice" are chief among them.

Dr. Bastian does offer some remedies. "Be sure he eats with attention and vigor. Also, choose food carefully. In many cases, thin liquids [should be] avoided; thicker liquids flow through the throat more slowly and give more time to respond and re-swallow. And," he adds, "consider patient positioning; many swallow better with their chin tucked down toward the chest, as though gazing at one's belt buckle." Also, coaching can help. Dr. Bastian suggests you encourage your dad to "optimize the eating experience: ‘Swallow again, Dad. Let's sip a little juice next.'" The right kind of attention is a potent ally.