PROPER CRUTCH USE
How to safely walk, rise, and ascend and descend stairs
BY:KRISTIN SCHWEIZER, MPT
IF A PERSON HAS AN INJURED LEG or impaired balance, crutches often are used to provide stability while walking. Crutches require more coordination and balance than a walker; however, they provide more support than a cane and can be used when it is essential to keep weight off an injured leg.
There are numerous ways to use crutches, as well as many types of restrictions your loved one may have. These are general guidelines on using crutches. Be sure to receive specific instructions from a physical therapist.
HOW TO ADJUST AND MANEUVER
Adjusting the Crutch Length
With the crutch tips placed on the floor, each about six inches outside of the person’s feet, adjust the height of the crutches so that the axillary pad (or top of the crutch) rests against the rib cage approximately one or two inches below the armpit. The axillary pad should never press into the armpit as there are very important nerves in that region. Pressure on the nerves from the crutch can result in numbness, tingling and weakness in the arm.
Adjusting the Hand Grip
Once the crutch length is properly determined, adjust the height of the handgrips so that the person’s elbows are slightly bent when holding the grips.
Rising from a Chair
Place both crutches on one side and place that hand over both handgrips; the other hand should be on the arm of the chair. Push into both hands and stand up. Once balance is achieved, the crutches should be placed under each arm. Reverse this process to sit.
Using Crutches to Ascend Stairs
Place one hand on the railing and both crutches under the other arm or have someone carry the second crutch. Pressing into the rail and crutch, step up with the stronger or less painful leg. Next, step up to the same step with the weaker or more painful leg and simultaneously bring the crutch up to that step.
Using Crutches to Descend Stairs
Place a hand on the railing and both crutches under the other arm. Or, someone can carry one crutch. Hold the railing with one hand, lower the crutch to the next step and step down with the weaker or more painful leg. Next, press into the crutch and rail and lower the stronger or less painful leg to the same step.
